نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکترای قرآن و علوم، گرایش مدیریت، جامعة المصطفی العالمیه، قم، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی، قم، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، قم، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Performance management, due to its central role in achieving organizational goals, is a powerful tool both from the perspective of management science and Islamic teachings, applicable at individual and organizational levels. Planning, as one of the most essential managerial functions and at the apex of managerial responsibilities, constitutes a critical component of the organizational performance management process; without it, performance management is meaningless. The importance of effective planning in contemporary organizations—particularly from a performance standpoint—is undeniable. Given the limited resources of organizations and the increasing diversity of their needs, all organizations aim to allocate scarce resources efficiently and effectively. Achieving this goal is impossible without precise and effective planning. However, questions remain regarding what constitutes “effective planning” and how it should be designed and implemented—a topic that has received limited independent research from the perspective of Islamic teachings. The primary aim of this study is to clarify this issue. Accordingly, considering that planning is influenced by organizational values, this research addresses the essence of effective planning in organizational performance management from an Islamic perspective and explores how it should be designed and executed.
Methodology: This study employs a combined ijtihād–analytical approach. After formulating the main and sub-questions, the theoretical foundations were reviewed. Since, according to Islamic scholars, the most accepted method for deriving divine rulings from religious sources is ijtihād, this method was adapted and applied to human sciences and management knowledge. Relevant religious documents were identified and analyzed. To categorize and analyze concepts, a thematic analysis method was used, conducted in five stages, resulting in concept extraction, theme development, and theory generation. Finally, a thematic network was designed and presented.
Findings: The study identified three categories of themes: descriptive (247 themes), interpretive (74 themes), and relational (5 themes). Results indicate that “comprehensive planning” represents effective planning in organizational performance management. This type of planning is necessary both rationally and through religious sources, offering benefits such as addressing deficiencies, optimal resource utilization, and risk mitigation. From the perspective of Islamic teachings, effective planning should be aligned with divine principles and guided by thirteen core principles: compliance, precision and subtlety, critical thinking, prioritization, simplicity and alignment with general capabilities, flexibility, foresight, belief in divine will, alignment in goal-setting, legitimacy of tools for achieving objectives, justice orientation, opportunity maximization and risk mitigation, and time management. Additionally, four facilitating factors—divine guidance, hope for problem resolution, leveraging experience, and consultation—play a significant role.
The study also outlines a six-step process for effective planning: (1) defining objectives, (2) identifying and analyzing internal and external factors, (3) determining pathways to achieve objectives, (4) selecting an appropriate solution, (5) determining the proper timing, and (6) implementing the plan.
Conclusion: This research examined the why, what, and how of effective planning in organizational performance management from an Islamic perspective. It concludes that comprehensive planning is essential for performance management due to rational, religious, and practical benefits. Effective planning, from the Islamic perspective, should follow a divine framework and adhere to the thirteen principles outlined above. The process is executed through the six-step methodology. The study also finds that Islamic and conventional management perspectives align in the necessity and benefits of planning and in the general process of the six-step approach, yet they differ in the quality of execution, particularly in goal-setting, solution selection, and certain governing principles of organizational planning.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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