Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of Islamic Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
10.30471/rsm.2025.10770.1442
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Every civilization—whether religious or secular—requires leaders who can shape its trajectory. A civilization-building leader is one who guides a nation along its historical path. As the Quran states, the destiny of nations does not change unless they themselves will it (Ra'd:11). However, many nations have sought transformation but lacked competent leadership.
This study examines the second prayer of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyah through a scholarly lens to delineate the characteristics of a civilization-building leader analytically. The selection of this prayer is significant for two reasons:
1. It comprehensively addresses various aspects of the Prophet’s personality and conduct.
2. It was articulated by an infallible figure (Imam Zain al-Abidin), ensuring an authentic and profound perspective on the Prophet’s character.
Understanding these traits is crucial for followers of the Prophet’s mission, as it clarifies the vision and framework for civilizational leadership. A superficial reading of these attributes is insufficient; instead, a deep, interpretive analysis is necessary to derive fixed and precise meanings from the text.
Method: This study employs qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach, following six key steps:
1. Formulating research questions: Based on the researcher’s preliminary assumptions (Adib Haj Bagheri et al., 2015, p. 237).
2. Determining the unit of analysis: Thematic analysis serves as the primary unit (Momenirad et al., 2013, pp. 203–204).
3. Creating a categorization system: Categories were developed inductively, with data extracted progressively (Meiring, 2014, p. 81).
4. Purposive sampling: Sources were selected based on their relevance and informational depth, adjusted as the research progressed (Gall, Borg, & Gall, 2016, pp. 389–398).
5. Analysis and inference: The researcher interpreted implicit meanings through deep textual engagement (Jensen & Jankowski, 2002, p. 184).
6. Answering research questions: Findings were synthesized to address the study’s objectives.
Results: In response to the first research question—How are the Prophet’s characteristics depicted in the second prayer of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyah from a civilization-building perspective?—the analysis reveals two categories:
* Individual traits: Physical, spiritual, faith-based, and intellectual qualities.
* Social traits: Interactions with relatives, friends, and enemies, as well as strategic leadership approaches.
Regarding the second question—What leadership model for Islamic civilization emerges from these traits in the contemporary era?—the findings suggest that a civilization-building leader embodies:
* Individual approaches: Kindness, jihadist spirit, faithfulness, and thoughtfulness.
* Strategic approaches:
- People-oriented in domestic relations,
- Authoritative against internal disruptors,
- Discursive in friendly foreign interactions,
- Strategic in adversarial foreign engagements.
These approaches are multidimensional and interconnected. Future research should explore additional leadership attributes in other religious texts to deepen understanding and reinforce confidence in Islamic civilizational guardianship.
Conclusion: Islamic civilization has endured fluctuations throughout history, yet its guiding principles have remained steadfast, illuminated by divine leadership. The Ahl al-Bayt have served as exemplary models in civilizational leadership. In the era of occultation, leadership adopts new dimensions under the guardianship of the jurist (Wilayat al-Faqih), replacing the Imam’s direct guardianship.
For adherents of Islamic civilization, unwavering allegiance to this guardianship is essential to navigate the challenges of ignorance and deviation. By comparing the traits of the Prophet—the founder of Islamic civilization—with those of contemporary leaders like the Islamic Revolution’s founders, we recognize a continuum of leadership excellence. Followers must align themselves with this guardianship to remain on the path of civilizational salvation.
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